trier witch trials primary sources

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The family consisted of father Paulus, mother Anna, two older sons Jacob and Gumpprecht, and the youngest son, ten-year-old Hoel. This list includes a selection of events, people, books and more directly and indirectly related to the Witch Hunts. Church leaders coveting rich property, neighbors with . Documents, broadsides, letters, and other manuscripts concerning witchcraft and witchcraft trials in Europe, mainly in Germany, through the early modern period, with a few documents from New England. It's a very Salem-like connection between tragic history and contemporary consumerism. Trier Witch Trials (Germany, 1581 - 1593) Fulda Witch Trials (Germany, 1603 - 1606) Basque Witch Trials (Spain, 1609 onwards) Wrzburg Witch Trial (Germany, 1626 - 1631) Bamberg Witch Trial (Germany, 1626 - 1631) North Berwick Witch Trial (Scotland, 1590). Christian Shaw, the ten-year-old daughter of the laird of Bargarran near Erskine, fell mysteriously ill. Katherine had shouted curses at Christian in a fit of rage, but nowadays we do not think that Christian was bewitched. From the 1590s, they became more literary with increasing amounts of narrative and a greater focus on the suffering of . Trials (Heresy) History to 1500. From an economics standpoint, these focus on them being a response to falling incomes. "Evil People" : A Comparative Study of Witch Hunts in Swabian Austria and the Electorate of Trier. Primary sources. Individual Cases. Over the course of a century and a half, 80,000 people were tried for witchcraft and half of . Heritage Images/Getty Images / Getty Images. The collection documents the earliest and the latest manifestations of the belief in witchcraft as well as its geographical boundaries, and . A witch-hunt, or a witch purge, is a search for people who have been labeled witches or a search for evidence of witchcraft.The classical period of witch-hunts in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America took place in the Early Modern period or about 1450 to 1750, spanning the upheavals of the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, resulting in an estimated 35,000 to 50,000 executions. b) A photograph taken at an event. The motives behind this massive witch-purging were likely political. Charlottesville: University of . One of the largest witch trials in European history started in the rural diocese of Trier in 1581, eventually reaching the city itself six years later. Between the year 1431 to 1437, Duke "The Culpability of James VI of Scotland, later James I of England, in the North Berwick witchcraft trials of 1590-91." The main primary sources that were used for this research paper were the Samael Wyllys papers, which are a much of documents from Connecticut that contain information of various witch trials throughout the Connecticut area. The Wrzburg witch trials of 1625-1631, which took place in the self-governing Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Wrzburg in the Holy Roman Empire in present-day Germany, is one of the biggest mass trials and mass executions ever seen in Europe, and one of the biggest witch trials in history. 12. however primary line that isolates the offensive force from the . . In February 1692 a girl became ill, and at the same time her playmates also exhibited unusual behavior. In 1697, when witchcraft was against the law in Scotland, Paisley saw a famous case of witch-hunting. When a person was accused of witchcraft an Indictment would be drawn up, then witnesses would be called,. Two villages were left with only one woman in them. For the purposes of my research on witchcraft in Lorraine . Witch-like figures in early history and literature abound. Some descriptions have links to online secondary and primary sources (as noted) and/or note is taken of those primary sources in Kors & Peters.For a chronological and geographical ordering, go to the Witch Hunt Timeline. In response to The Hammer of Witches and the papal bull issued by Pope Innocent VIII, major witch hunts broke out in Europe. The Bideford witch trial resulted in hangings for witchcraft in England. Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum The Witch-Cult Hypothesis and the Suppression of Paganism "It is impossible to understand the witch-cult without first understanding the position of the chief personage of that cult. 13. Click the title for location and availability information. Ankarloo, Bengt, et al. Individual Cases. Trials at Innsbruck (1485) Discovery of the Americas (1492) Pope Alexander VI (r. 1492-1503) . Dillinger, Johannes. 'Ensayos (Trials)' by Francisco Goya, part of the Los caprichos series criticising Spanish superstitions, 1797-1798. Witch trials, a series of hearings whereby courts would decide on whether the accused was in fact a witch and should be punished, have had many explanations ascribed to them. Witchcraft in Trier Michael Akita, II G-HI 130 Introductory Methods for Historical Analysis Primary Documents Summis desiderantes 1. . The Witches 1697. The first English witchcraft pamphlet that we know of was published in 1566; they stopped in 1597 and didn't re-emerge as a genre until 1612. Hall, Alaric. (Credit: Insights/Getty Images) One of the largest witch trials in European history started in the rural diocese of Trier in 1581, eventually reaching the city itself six years later. He considered multiple people friends, but even a friend will crack when they are subjected to enough pain. Book Sources: Witchcraft in Europe A selection of books/e-books available in Trible Library. A similar incident took place in Rostov in 1071 where a number of . However, witch trials are not a thing of the past. He spoke out against them publicly Salem Witch Trials of 1692.

"Evil People" : A Comparative Study of Witch Hunts in Swabian Austria and the Electorate of Trier. In the early trials of Wiesensteig and Rothenburg, 95 to 100% of the accused fit this stereotype. (Hutton Counting the Witch Hunt). These writings, by the "Anonymous of Arras" (believed to be the trial judge Jacques du Bois) and the intellectual Johannes Tinctor, offer valuable . Magic, witches, and demons have drawn interest and fear throughout human history. Still, European witch trials and these . 12 Examples of Witch-Hunts TRIER WITCH TRIALS, GERMANY 1581-1593 Between 1587 and 1593, 368 people were burned for being witches in the Trier district in Germany.

When he took power in 1581, he ordered the purging of Jews, Protestants, and witches. The Witchcraft Act (9 Geo. Instead of considering natural causes or the mistakes of politicians, people would blame mysterious witches, in league with the Devil, for these misfortunes. The region was gripped by a terrible blight on crops, and the public readily blamed their troubles on the evildoing of witches. The motives behind this massive witch-purging. Schnenberg greatly admired the order of the Jesuits in which he was "Wonderfully addicted"; he built them a college, and as a part of his efforts to demonstrate his convictions, he ordered the purging of three groups in the society; first he rooted out the Protestants, then . Religion motivated both acts: In Salem, colonists had left the Church of England and taken up Puritanism, a religion by which they wanted everyone to abide. The Northamptonshire witch trials took place on July 22, 1612, and saw the execution of five men and women for the charges of witchcraft ranging from the bewitching of pigs to murder. Kieckhefer, R. (1976), European witch trials: their foundations in popular and learned culture, 1300 . . The most credible estimates for the number of executions for witchcraft between 1450-1750 are in the range of 40,000 to 60,ooo people across Europe, with southern and central regions of Germany accounting for between 17,000 and 26,000 executions, as . Trials (Witchcraft) History to 1500. Trials (Witchcraft) History to 1500. Trier: Germany, 1581 - 1593. These writings, by the "Anonymous of Arras" (believed to be the trial judge Jacques du Bois) and the intellectual Johannes Tinctor, offer valuable . London: Athlone, 2002. But before the Salem witch hunt, there was the "Great Hunt": a larger, more prolonged European phenomenon between . Then, especially in the years 1628-1630, a new wave of witch hunts broke out in the Holy Roman Empire . In Spain, the Catholic Church sought heretics for punishment, and in . A general overview, with some links on the history of witchcraft. 11. The witch trials of North Berwick are particularly noteworthy due to the sheer number of 'witches', the consensus being around 70, that were tried from such a tiny and seemingly insignificant town in Scotland, on this single occasion. In this comprehensive primary source reader, Martha Rampton traces the history of our fascination with magic and witchcraft from the first through to the seventeenth century. The most thoroughly recorded trial of Bamberg was the Johannes Junius trial. That neither devils nor witches can raise tempests, rain, storms, hailstorms, and the like, and that the things said about these are mere dreams. Identified witches' marks may have been just moles, scars, birthmarks, skin tags, supernumerary nipples, natural blemishes or insensitive patches of skin. Trier witch trials (Pamphlett, 1594) The Cathedral of Trier. The Witch Trials. The Hanover history department pioneered in offering guides like this one to useful primary and secondary sources found throughout the web. Trials (Witchcraft) Germany. The earliest trials of the 1560s focused almost exclusively on poor, older women. Accusations of witchcraft required no evidence of guilt. A general overview, with some links on the history of witchcraft. During the trials he became one of the primary witch-hunters that accused and prosecuted some 306 persons between 1587 and 1594. . The 55 year old mayor of Bamberg, liked by the people and supposedly considered an enemy to no one. sources, while "witchcraft" is frequently rendered as koldovstvo or charodeistvo. Trier Witch Trials One of the largest witch trials in Europe's history started in 1581, in the rural diocese of Trier before spreading to the city. They formed one of the four largest witch trials in Germany alongside the Fulda witch trials, the Wrzburg witch trial, and the Bamberg witch trials. Its historical 4 Sir Hugh Trevor-Roper, The European Witch Craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. St. Peter's Cathedral, Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Kintscher, Margaret Carol. According to author Carol F. Karlsen . The Wrzburg witch preliminary is among the most significant Witch Trials in the Early Modern time frame: it was one of the four biggest witch preliminaries in Germany nearby the Trier witch preliminaries, the Fulda witch preliminaries, and the Bamberg witch preliminaries. The worst of it was that you didn't even have to be a witch to be accused, tortured and executed as one. Sobiech, Frank, Jesuit Prison Ministry in the Witch Trials of the Holy Roman Empire: Friedrich Spee SJ and His Cautio Criminalis (1631) (Rome: . 1 (April 2005): 19-36. The distinctive political, religious, and social history of Russia in the early modern period, its relative cultural isolation, the teachings of Orthodox Christianity . Much of the evidence against them was hearsay, although there was a confession by . Lots of the sources in this resource are legal documents that relate to witchcraft trials. This woodcut depicts alleged events of 1590-1, including the king's ship . Across New England, where witch trials occurred somewhat regularly from 1638 until 1725, women vastly outnumbered men in the ranks of the accused and executed. II c. 5) was a law passed by the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1735 which made it a crime for a person to claim that any human being had magical powers or was guilty of practising witchcraft.The maximum penalty set out by the Act was a year's imprisonment. This one is interesting because it involves King James VI of Scotland, later I of England. Witch trials were somewhat less common in Scotland, Scandinavia, and Poland. It was surrounded by Catholic areas, and had a significant Catholic minority. When it was all over, 141 suspects, both men and women, were tried as witches.Nineteen were executed by hanging. Now, harboring a mysterious newborn, she could lose her life. Being accused of witchcraft is problematic at the best of times, but in the 1500s and 1600s -- at the height of the witch hysteria, it was downright deadly. 5 Robin Briggs, Witches and Neighbours: The Social and Cultural Context of European . The Salem witch trials of the 1690s have an iconic place in American lore. Off campus access instructions (for e-books) A Collection of Rare and Curious Tracts on Witchcraft and the Second Sight; with an original essay on witchcraft by David Webster The trial allegedly resulted in the execution of 14 women in 1775, and led to the ban on witch burning in Poland. In 1581, Johann von Schnenberg was appointed archbishop of the independent diocese of Trier. During this period Europe was in a state of instability, therefore money, and exploration was important to many. The Witch Trials of Trier in Germany in the years from 1581 to 1593 were perhaps the biggest witch trials in European history. The Period of the Witch Trials. Executions for witchcraft were much less common in England, Russia, and Southern Europe (Italy, Spain, and Portugal). History . The Discovery of Witches. Scotland itself saw about 4,000 people burned alive at the stake for witchcraft, an enormous number . a) A newspaper article about an event. Indeed, charges of witchcraft and trials of suspected witches are increasing. That spirit and form apart from matter cannot be seen by man.

The Salem witch trials of the 1690s have an iconic place in American lore. The 1692-1693 Salem Witch Trials were a brief outburst of witch hysteria in the New World at a time when the practice was already waning in Europe. His diagnosis of bewitchment put into motion the forces that would ultimately result in the hanging deaths of 19 men and women. Discovery of Witches by fl. Trier witch trials (1581-1593), the . Sources for Salem Witch Hunt: Primary Source: Letters from the Witch Trial of Rebecca Lemp: a family deals with accusations. Trials (Heresy) History to 1500. Perhaps most significantly, the former did not in general serve competitive ends by executing witchprosecutors' confessional rivals. According to witch-hunters during the height of the witch trials, a witches' mark (also called a Devil's mark or a witches' teat) was sufficient indication that an individual was a witch. An eyewitness to persecutions, canon Linden of Trier, Germany states that people used the trials for economic enhancement. However, if one really wants to see where hatred and fear . Famous Witch Trials The period of witch trials from the 16th to 18th centuries was one of the darkest chapters in human history. This is the first complete and accessible English translation of two major source textsTinctor's Invectives and the anonymous Recollectiothat arose from the notorious Arras witch hunts and trials in the mid-fifteenth century in France. In January of 1692, the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem Village became ill. William Griggs, the village doctor, was called in when they failed to improve. The Master and the Maid; Book One of the Heaven's Pond Trilogy She's lost her work, her home and her freedom. Over an extended period these trial resulted in the executions of around 1,000 people. In 17th Century Germany on the brink of the Thirty Years War, 24-year-old Katarina is traded to the patrician Sebald Tucher by her fianc Willi Prutt in order to pay his debts. Trier (1581-1593) Trial of Walpurga Hausmannin of Dillingen (d. 1587) . Between 1400 to 1782, when Switzerland tried and executed Europe's last supposed witch, between 40,000 and 60,000 people were put to death for witchcraft, according to historical consensus. Although the trials in Franconia, including Eichsttt, and Swabian Ellwangen have been regarded together as "the absolute peak of . London: Athlone, 2002. If you have any questions, please email us at requests@utorontopress.com. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. Primary source material on the history of European witch trials, including: Hopkins, Matthew. The witch trials in both Spain and Salem took place in the 17th century, albeit on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. What surprised you about this source? This is the first complete and accessible English translation of two major source textsTinctor's Invectives and the anonymous Recollectiothat arose from the notorious Arras witch hunts and trials in the mid-fifteenth century in France. The Witch of Endor from the Bible, Circe from the Odyssey, Morgan le Fay of Arthurian myth, Prospero and the Weird Sisters from Shakespeare are among the most prominent. Further, bad weather in the 1620s was causing crop failures, famine and plague. It belonged to the largest witch trials in history, among the largest during the Thirty Years' War, and one of the four largest witch trials in Germany alongside the Trier witch trials, the Fulda witch trials, and the Wrzburg witch trial. In the 1990s, useful historical material was not easy to find online. The witch trials conducted by the inquisitors of Lausanne from 1438 were examples of the early noticeable witch trials, which were involved by secular judges just like the later trials. The witch hunts reached their peak after the biggest witch trials were held in Europe, notably the Trier witch trials (1581-1593), the Fulda witch trials (1603-1606), the Wrzburg witch trial (1626-1631) and the Bamberg witch trials (1626-1631). Loos, Cornelius, approximately 1546-1595. It was the last mass trial of sorcery and witchcraft in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Temperance Lloyd, Mary Trembles and Susannah Edwards were tried in 1682 in the town of Bideford in Devon. Sample results. Trier (1581-1593) The Trier witch trials that occurred in Germany were by far one of the biggest in Europe. It thus marks the end point of the period Witch trials in the Early Modern period for Great . It is generally accepted that the European witch hunts took place between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, with the 'craze' reaching its peak during the seventeenth century. As the witch hunts progressed and the accused were tortured to name other witches, more and more men and upper class people were implicated (Midelfort 179). Lher, Hermann, active active 1676. Primary Sources Secondary Sources . The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. Witch trials were most common in Central Europe, in Germany, France, Switzerland, and what is now Belgium. 1647. a. Witchcraft can be sewed into clothes A woman is accused of witchcraft, . The . The Doruchw witch trial was a witch trial which took place in the village of Doruchw in Poland in the 18th century. The economic scene at the time of the witch craze was very apparent during the period between 1480-1700. witchcraft. L ater he served as the auxiliary bishop of Trier working under the Archbishop Johann von Schonenberg during the infamous Trier Witch trials. When we think about hysterical witch hunts and the fury of a frenzied mob, our thoughts go to the events in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Potts, Thomas. But before the Salem witch hunt, there was the "Great Hunt": a larger, more prolonged European phenomenon between . A massive annotated listing of recent publications in the area can be found at the Witchcraft Bibliography site Primary sources, with a focus on trials in Germany, and some witchcraft literature . The Northamptonshire trials marked a significant turning point in the attitudes . The book Hexen und Hexenprozesse (Witches and Witch Trials) states that trials were "intended only to produce a confession by the accused, by means of persuasion, pressure, or force."Torture was common. A plaque commemorating the executions on the wall of Rougemont Castle in Exeter. Ankarloo, Bengt, et al. One was pressed to death by heavy stones. The great age of witch trials, which ran between 1550 and 1700, fascinates and repels in equal measure.