do black holes have zero volume

black hole Artist's rendering of matter swirling around a black hole. galaxies also have a The theory deals only with objects moving in a straight line at a constant speed. The existence of Hawking radiation has answered a lot of questions about how black holes actually work, but in the process, raised a bunch of problems that physicists are still trying to reconcile. A spacetime singularity is a breakdown in spacetime, either in its geometry or in some other basic physical structure. place where a nonzero mass occupies zero volume. In both cases, the mass is concentrated in a tiny region at the center, but the "size" of the object is much bigger. As we saw in Black Holes and Curved Spacetime, proving that a black hole exists is a challenge because the black hole itself emits no radiation. Near the end of its life the rate of emission would be very high and about 10 C) a place where a nonzero mass occupies zero volume. It is a topic of ongoing physical and philosophical research to clarify both the nature and significance of such pathologies. And theyre definitely not funnel shaped. Only, if this were the true case, all black holes would have an entropy of 0, and black holes would violate the second law of thermodynamics. well, black holes dont have zero volume. The direction outsiders think of as their future becomes a spatial dimension once you are inside. "No result in theoretical physics has been more fundamental or influential than his discovery that black holes have entropy proportional to their surface area," says Lee Smolin, a How do Kerr black holes differ from Schwarzschild black holes? Together, the black holes mass and charge determine its size the radius of the event horizon. B) an entry point in the event horizon of a black hole through which material is allowed to pass unhindered. Now, why is this all moot? Furthermore, will reach zero at zero temperature, but Black holes are truly unique objects: they have lost all matter and are only made up of space and time. r=0 M 3M 4M 5M v = const. But the modern story of black holes really starts with Einstein's revolutionary theory of gravity, completed in 1917. D) a place where the escape velocity exactly equals the speed of light. A black hole is the volume of space defined by a gravitational escape velociy 300,000 km/s. The most massive black holes in the Universe, the supermassive black holes with millions of times the mass of the Sun will have a temperature of 1.4 x 10 -14 Kelvin. Here are 10 things you might want to know about black holes: Galaxy NGC 1068 is shown in visible light and X-rays in this composite image. So it also has infinite gravity, and sucks anything which is near it! So we really don't know if a singularity actually forms. This is why they have infinite density, because density is defined as mass per volume, and theres no volume to a black hole. $\endgroup$ Black holes dont suck Artists impression of a star torn apart by the gravity of a black hole. As RK1992 has pointed out Black Holes have a non-zero volume. Black holes have three "layers": the outer and inner event horizon, and the singularity. You can use the Schwarzschild radius to calculate the "density" of the black hole - i.e., the mass divided by the volume enclosed within the Schwarzschild radius. Nothing, not even light, can escape through the event horizon from the black hole. The mass (and the size of the event horizon) will increase as the singularity absorbs more matter. The massive black hole at the center of NGC 5195, a small galaxy 26 million light years from Earth, has "burped" gas, astronomers believe. The most massive star found to date is R136a1 and weighs in at 315 times the mass of the Sun. If the mass were zero you'd have a charged massless particle and I'm not sure that's physically possible. Extremal black holes have vanishing surface gravity. As such, a singularity is by definition no longer part of the regular spacetime and cannot be determined by "where" or "when". A singularity means a point where some property is infinite. That's low. To really understand a black hole, you need to understand its anatomy.

Just like neutron stars they are the result of the collapse of a bigger star (in this case much bigger than the stars giving rise to neutron stars) and in the implosion all the matter has been swept away. Singularities and Black Holes. Still, although the analogy is extremely suggestive in toto, to take it seriously would require one to assign a non-zero temperature to a black hole, which, at the time Bardeen, Carter and Hawking first formulated and proved the laws in 1973, almost everyone agreed was absurd. As the matter collapses, eventually it gets to a small enough size that we need something beyond general relativity that incorporates quantum field theory to analyze the physics. The ergosphere of a black hole is a volume bounded by the black hole's event horizon and the ergosurface, the individual states of a black hole solution do not generally have an event horizon or singularity, it was assumed that black holes had zero entropy. Close enough. For example, at the center of a black hole, according to classical theory, the density is infinite (because a finite mass is compressed to a zero volume). Published: September 13, 2013. A black hole doesn't have a volume of zero: The central singularity does. No, though it may appear to have no volume, a black hole is made up of mass (condensed, to be sure), and mass has volume. What would happen if I stuck my finger in a black hole the size of a golf ball? A regulation golf ball has a radius of at least 21.335 millimeters (0.021335 meters). google the schwarzchild radius. Black holes cannot increase in physical size (they are zero-dimensional and have no size, regardless of mass). The volume of a black hole, therefore, is its surface area times the length of time the hole exists (using the speed of light to convert from seconds to meters). First published Mon Jun 29, 2009; substantive revision Wed Feb 27, 2019. Don't let the name fool you: a black hole is anything but empty space. Since the Schwarzschild \time" coordinate t goes to innity at the event horizon, these coordinates are The advantage of black hole thermodynamics is that provides a way to get a handle on the complex interactions black holes can have. Since a black hole last practically forever, the black hole's volume is almost infinite. A black hole is a one-way exit from our universe. Sutter contributed this article to Space.com's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights. We don't measure the volume of a black hole, we calculate it.

Not everything there is!! Given the number of galaxies and the masses of black holes in general, the total entropy today has reached a value of S = 10 103 k B. In a deep sense, the fact we have a singularity is more of a reflection of our ignorance than any physical reality, because the physical world makes sense. The result is a gravitational field so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. So a singularity in a black hole is a point where our functions to describe reality blow up: Finite mass in zero volume is a divide-by-zero moment. The event horizon is the "point of no return" around the black hole. As Q increases, the black holes inner horizon expands while the event horizon contracts until, at Q = M, the two horizons coincide. iii Table of Contents (contd) The Light Cone 9-12 36 Spacetime Diagrams - I 9-12 37 Light Cones - II 9-12 38 Worldlines and History 9-12 39 Spacetime Diagrams - II 9-12 40 A Tale of Two Travelers in Normal Spacetime 9-12 41 Time Distortion Near a Black Hole 9-12 42 Exploring Gravity Near a Black Hole 9-12 43 Falling into a Black Hole and Travel Time 9-12 44 The crushing weight of constituent matter falling in from all sides compresses the dying star to a point of zero volume and infinite density called the singularity. ! However, that does not mean a singularity actually forms. Unfortunately, we do not yet have such a theory. If you do the calculations for a black hole, this zero-volume result is a mathematical sigularity. At the center of a black hole lies the singularity, a theoretical point in If it stayed at its current mass, the resulting black hole Solution. The idea of a black hole - an object so massive that nothing could escape the grasp of its gravity - dates back to the 1700s. Anatomy of a monster. 3.

8. Hypotheses that modify or replace general relativity to give us a replacement of the black hole singularity include Planck stars (a highly-compressed exotic form of This is because a system at zero temperature exists in its ground state. Scientists have obtained the first image of a black hole, using Event Horizon Telescope observations of the center of the galaxy M87. Dana Berry/SkyWorks Digital/NASA Uncover insight into the black hole Black holes are formed when massive stars die. So if someone says a black hole has zero size, you can be all geeky and technical and say, not really, but meh. An extremal Reissner-Nordstrm black hole doesn't have the mass equal to zero, it has a charge large enough to balance out the non-zero mass. Its radius is the Schwarzschild radius mentioned earlier. The intermediate mass black hole is estimated to have a mass between 100 and 1000 solar masses. You can use the Schwarzschild radius to calculate the "density" of the black hole - i.e., the mass divided by the volume enclosed within the Schwarzschild radius. In general, singularities are the non-physical mathematical result of a flawed physical theory. Stating that cannot go to zero is analogous to the third law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of a system at absolute zero is a well defined constant. No single star could ever form such a heavy black hole. The gravity you feel from an object depends on two things: The name "singularity" is a common mathematical term to describe a point where a function goes ga-ga. A) a place just outside the event horizon of a rotating black hole where it is impossible to remain at rest. Kerr black holes rotate; Schwarzschild black holes do not. Credit: Chandra X-Ray Observatory. What is left of the star after the supernova collapses in on itself and is compressed until it forms an object of zero volume and infinite density. collapsing shell Figure 1.2: Picture of a black hole that forms from a collapsing shell of matter. an indivisible point of zero volume and infinite mass. In the real universe, no black holes contain singularities. Theyre spheres. In fact, theyre oddly awesome! Why does Einstein's theory of special relativity carry the name special? If there were no such things as black holes, the entropy of the Universe would have been almost constant for the past 13.8 billion years! That primal state actually had a considerable amount of entropy; it's just that black holes have so much more, and are so easy to make from a cosmic perspective. to a point of zero-volume. Any such black hole of mass less than 10 15 g would have evaporated by now. This "object" has also come to bear the name "sigularity" in its own right. At its center, each black hole is thought to have a singularity, a point of infinite density and zero volume. Meanwhile, the black holes charge also creates a second, inner horizon, hidden behind the event horizon. The radius of the sphere must be calculated first, using the formula 3x10 5 cm x (M / M sun) we get 3x10 5 cm x 3.7 10 6 = 1.125 10 12. A black hole has an infinite density; since its volume is zero, it is compressed to the very limit. The event horizon is the boundary defined by a gravitational escape velocity = 300,000 km/s. Rather, it is a great amount of matter packed into a very small area - think of a star ten times more massive than the Sun squeezed into a sphere approximately the diameter of New York City. A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is so intense that spacetime itself breaks down catastrophically. Hence it is a singularity. To establish that there really is a black hole there, we must show that there is a very large amount of mass crammed into a very tiny volume. It is not a physical surface, but a sphere surrounding the black hole that marks where the escape velocity is equal to the speed of light. Figure 1.1: Diagram of the positive mass EF spacetime, suppressing the angular coordinates, with constant r surfaces vertical and constant v surfaces at 45. Matter falling into a black hole appears, as viewed by an outside observer, to Now above all when it sucks things it adds up to its mass, which remains finite and it always will, even if it did suck in the whole universe! Gravitational Singularities are usually referred to as having zero volume however as I understand it contemporary thought is that this prediction is a result of incomplete theory.